Virtual Imaging, a Canon U.S.A. Company, is offering its RadPRO SecurPASS, a full body security screening system that detects and recognizes a range of objects and materials in about eight seconds per person; it uses transmission imaging with an exceptionally low dose of X-rays to scan for dangerous or illegal substances such as liquid explosives, drugs, copper wires, plastic, etc.; its applications range from civil security, that is, airports, seaports, railways, bus stations, to border security, prison security, and high level security as necessitated by nuclear power plants, military premises, and embassies.

SecurePASS finds prosthetics, weapons, contraband // Source: virtualimaging-fl.com
The Cook County Jail, located on 96 acres in Cook County, Illinois, is the second largest single site county jail in the United States of America, housing approximately 9,800 men and women in eleven buildings. It employs 3,500 law enforcement officials and nearly 7,000 civilian employees. Cook County Jail has eleven divisions ranging from minimum to maximum security levels.
The jail has held several infamous criminals including Al Capone, Tony Accardo, Frank Nitti, Larry Hoover, Jeff Fort, Richard Speck, and John Wayne Gacy. It was one of three sites in which executions were carried out by electrocution in Illinois. Between 1928 and 1962, the electric chair was used sixty-seven times at the jail, including the state’s last electrocution on 24 August 1962.
In 2008 the U.S. Justice Department harshly criticized the conditions in the jail, saying that inmates have endured vastly inadequate medical care, beatings at the hands of jail workers, and dilapidated, dangerous building conditions often left unrepaired for months.
The New York Times reported that:
Perhaps most remarkable about the federal findings was the comprehensive scope of the critique; almost no element of the jail seemed to meet muster. Investigators pointed to poor supervision of inmates, the presence of weapons, mistreatment of inmates, unsatisfactory dental, mental health and medical care, electrical hazards, plumbing problems and ventilation failings.
The Justice Department’s critical assessment prompted Cook County to initiate sweeping improvements in the jail. One are to which special attention was paid was security. To make sure inmates and visitors (removed but also staff) — do not bring drugs, weapons, and other forbidden items into the jail, the authorities installed millimeter wave (MV) detectors in the correctional compound’s eleven buildings. Over the course of time, experience and contraband technology improvements, Cook County realized that utilizing the MV generation of contraband detection equipment was no longer acceptable, so the jail management team turned to Virtual Imaging and MAS Security Solutions, having its principal office in Oak Brook, Illinois (MASSecuritySolutions.net) a primary distributor for Canon, in order to evaluate the RadPRO SecurPASS full body Security Screening System.
Dennis Wolfe, National Sales Manager-Security Products at Virtual Imaging, a Canon U.S.A. Company told the Homeland Security NewsWire that the results of the trial were very enlightening and instructive. In the building which serves as the primary booking area, the SecurPASS scanner was placed next to the MV scanner. Over the next four days, 300-500 people a day who needed to be scanned — suspects being booked and existing inmates —comparison imaging was initiated with both the MV and RadPRO SecurPASS Systems.
On the first day of the trial, 75 percent were scanned by the MV scanner, and 25 percent by SecurPASS. On the second day it was 50 percent and 50 percent. On the third day of the trial, 75 percent of those needed to be scanned were sent to the SecurPASS machine, and only 25 percent were still using the MV scanner. On the fourth day, management told Wolfe and George Brown, President of MAS Security Solutions, that they were convinced: they shut off the MV scanner, and from that point on, 100 percent of inmate would be scanned by SecurPASS.
There were two reasons for this decision: the quality of the scanned image and speed. The image quality from the MV scanner was not acceptable, especially when the maximum security inmates were scanned with double metal shackles on and the resultant artifacts created when the milliwave signal struck the metal. Wolfe says that in his view and from comments by security personnel looking at the images, they could not be absolutely certain that no contraband or weapons were being smuggled into the jail. The images produced by SecurPASS, on the other hand, were far superior: sharp, clear, and detailed. Immediately Cook County was identifying contraband that they were previously not seeing.
Speed and efficiency were an important factor, too, in the jail management’s decision. This was Chicago, so when the trials were held in early November, chill was already in the air. In order to be scanned by the MV scanner, people had to remove their overcoats and shoes and place them, together with bags, on a separate, airport-like conveyer belt to be scanned and walk through a metal detector. Taking off coats and shoes and placing them on a separate machine, then collecting them at the other end takes time and adds to the confusion and hassle.
RadPRO SecurPASS made all of this unnecessary. People to be scanned kept all their cloths on — and held their shoes in their hands next to their body, with the shoe eyelets facing forward. The RadPRO SecurPASS platform then moved them through the portal.
The Cook County Jail is now planning to replace all its MV systems with SecurPASS Systems.
The Cook County decision is not surprising. The two important criteria of machines built to screen for security are:
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The machine must be versatile, able to detect a wide variety of materials
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The radiation dose required must be low enough so as not to pose health risks for the individuals being screened
Virtual Imaging says RadPRO SecurPASS meets these criteria. It is able to scan for all kinds of materials, making it suitable for airports, prisons, border crossings, and government buildings. The technology allows security personnel to detect both metallic and non-metallic, organic and inorganic items minimize the need for physical searches; enhance privacy by not revealing skin surface or fine anatomical detail; and do all this while using very low radiation dosage for single inspection.
RadPRO SecurPASS and radiation doses
The growing use of full-body scanners at airports — but also at courts, government buildings, sport events, concerts, and more — has caused concerns about the amount of radiation to which passengers are exposed. The same questions may be directed at RadPRO SecurPASS, which uses X-ray radiation for detection purposes.
A few months ago (“RadPRO SecurPASS from Virtual Imaging,” 16 June 2010 HSNW) we wrote that the patented technology behind its RadPRO SecurPASS meets the low-radiation requirement.
Radiation is measured in microsievert (μSv):
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μSv = 0.01 mrem, so that 10 μSv = 1 mrem
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mSv = 1,000 uSv = 100 mrem, so that 100 mSv = 10 rem
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) has been asked by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to prepare a report on radiation and safety. NCRP has adopted measurements developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), which has approved a standard for scanning systems using X rays. NCRP and ANSI recommended that the effective dose per scan should be 0.1 μSv or less.
NCRP, for the purpose of radiation protection, recommended that:
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There should be two categories of ionizing radiation devices used for scanning humans for security screening purposes, general-use systems and limited-use systems.
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An effective dose of 0.1 μSv (or less) per scan is the basic criterion for distinguishing between the two categories. Both categories of systems should meet the recommended administrative control for a member of the public of 0.25 mSv (or less) effective dose per year for a single source or set of sources under one control (typically, “under one control” would refer to the use of scanning systems at one or more security checkpoints at a given venue)
General-use systems. General-use systems would be used mostly without regard to the number of individuals scanned or the number of scans per individual in a year, and should adhere to an effective dose of 0.1 μSv or less per scan. These systems would be appropriate for screening all members of the general public passing through a checkpoint, provided that the implementing agency has established the justification for such a screening procedure. The checkpoint in question is generally a security venue, and no attempt would be made (for the purpose of radiation protection) to limit the screening only to a selected portion of those seeking passage.
Limited-use systems. Limited-use systems would be used with discretion in terms of the number of individuals scanned and the number of scans per individual in a year, and would include all ionizing radiation scanning systems that require effective doses per scan greater than 0.1 μSv and less than or equal to 10 μSv per scan. At 10 μSv per scan, an effective dose of 0.25 mSv would be reached after only 25 scans.
These systems include scanning devices that exceed an effective dose of 0.1 μSv per scan, but the scanning device should not exceed 10 μSv per scan. In addition, the total effective dose for any individual should be 0.25 mSv or less in a year from limited-use systems used at a single venue.
The company says that the dose a scanned individual is exposed to when scanned by SecurPASS is less than 0.25 μSv per scan. Here are some effective radiation dosage comparisons. According to the American College of Radiology, the accepted and agreed to exposure that a person would receive from a standard chest X-Ray-AP/LAT is 100 uSv. A person would have to be scanned on the RadPRO SecurPASS System 400 times to equal the dose received from one chest X-Ray study. The radiation dosage one is exposed to by one scan by the SecurePass (I removed LD) is thus similar to the following:
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30 minutes of exposure to naturally occurring background radiation in Cornwall in the United Kingdom or Denver, Colorado = 0.25 μSv
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4g of Brazil nuts = 0.25 μSv
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3 minutes during a commercial flight at 30,000 feet = 0.25 uSv.